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CBN Imposes ₦5m Fine For Illegal Agent Banking Operations

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(DDM) – The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has introduced strict sanctions for financial institutions and individuals violating its revised Agent Banking Guidelines, setting a minimum fine of ₦5 million for any agent engaged in non-permissible activities, alongside a daily penalty of ₦100,000 for continued default.

Diaspora Digital Media (DDM) gathered that the apex bank made this announcement as part of efforts to tighten oversight and strengthen compliance within Nigeria’s rapidly expanding agent banking sector, which has become a key driver of financial inclusion across rural and semi-urban communities.

According to the new framework, operating without a valid Super Agent licence will attract a fine of ₦10 million, with an additional ₦200,000 daily penalty for each day the violation continues.

The guidelines further stipulate that engaging in prohibited agent banking activities, such as loan underwriting, investment operations, foreign exchange trading, or delegating services to third parties, would not only attract monetary penalties but also result in the forfeiture of any profits made from such transactions.

In addition, any financial institution that fails to obtain the CBN’s approval or a formal “No Objection” before undertaking specified activities will face a ₦2 million fine, including separate penalties for each director or senior management official found culpable.

The circular also mandates accurate record-keeping. Failure to maintain proper accounting documentation will incur a fine of ₦5 million for the financial institution, while any responsible officer may personally face an additional ₦2 million fine.

Under the new rules, the CBN outlined several non-permissible activities, which include:

Super agents carrying out direct agent banking services.

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Agents offering full banking operations like account opening or loan issuance.

Delegating agent responsibilities to another individual or entity.

Using automated or non-human systems to act as agents.

Any activity that the CBN classifies as contrary to agent banking regulations.

Furthermore, individuals or entities with non-performing loans (NPLs) within 12 months before appointment as agents are ineligible to participate.

The same restriction applies to bankrupt individuals, companies under insolvency, or anyone whose Bank Verification Number (BVN) appears on regulatory watchlists.

The CBN explained that the revision of the Agent Banking Guidelines became necessary due to the sector’s rapid technological expansion and growing complexity.

It said the new rules consolidate multiple previous directives into a single, comprehensive document designed to improve operational integrity, enhance consumer protection, and promote systemic stability.

Agent banking,  which allows third-party agents to offer basic financial services on behalf of licensed banks or mobile money operators, has seen explosive growth in recent years, helping bridge Nigeria’s financial access gap, especially in areas lacking bank branches.

However, regulators have warned that poor oversight, fraud, and unlicensed operations threaten the credibility of the system.

By introducing these new penalties, the CBN aims to curb malpractice, enhance transparency, and restore public confidence in agent-led financial services.

The apex bank reaffirmed its commitment to ensuring compliance and warned that it would not hesitate to suspend or blacklist defaulting agents, institutions, or super agents found violating operational standards.

Analysts see the development as part of a wider regulatory tightening under the CBN’s renewed focus on financial discipline and digital payment security, signalling that the era of weak enforcement in agent banking is over.

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Economy

Nigeria’s Foreign Reserves Hit $46bn – CBN

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Nigeria’s foreign reserves have surged past $46 billion, marking the highest level recorded since 2018, according to Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Governor Yemi Cardoso.

Cardoso, represented by the Deputy Governor in charge of Economic Policy, Dr. Muhammad Abdullahi, disclosed the development on Tuesday during the opening session of the Monetary Policy Department’s 20th Anniversary Colloquium at the CBN headquarters in Abuja.

He noted that the current reserve level is strong enough to cover more than 10 months of imports, signalling improved external stability for the economy.

Abdullahi also projected that lending rates may begin to ease in the coming months as inflation gradually retreats, a shift expected to boost credit access and stimulate investments.

Latest exchange rate data released by the CBN showed the naira depreciated slightly by 0.4% on Monday, trading at ₦1,448.03/$ compared to ₦1,442.43/$ last Friday at the Nigerian Foreign Exchange Market (NFEM).

In the parallel market, however, the naira appreciated marginally, closing at ₦1,455/$ on Monday from ₦1,457/$ on Friday.

Analysts attribute the swelling reserves now at $46.7 billion to the Federal Government’s recent Eurobond issuance, alongside rising foreign exchange inflows and renewed investor confidence.

October 2025 also recorded the highest FX inflows since May, driven by improving macroeconomic stability and increased offshore interest in Africa’s largest economy.

Despite the positive indicators, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) fell by 25% month-on-month to $222 million, reflecting ongoing structural obstacles such as insecurity, policy unpredictability, and a challenging business environment that continues to discourage long-term capital inflows.

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Economy

Nigeria Exits FATF Grey List, Naira Soars To Record Highs

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(DDM) – Nigeria’s financial markets have experienced a major boost following the country’s removal from the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) grey list, signaling progress in the fight against money laundering and terrorist financing.

Diaspora Digital Media (DDM) gathered that investors’ confidence surged as the naira hit a 10-month high of N1,444.42 to the dollar at official markets last Wednesday, while parallel market rates reached N1,465 per dollar.

The milestone achievement also coincided with Nigeria’s foreign reserves crossing $43 billion, strengthening the local currency and supporting sustainable economic growth.

The FATF, a Paris-based global watchdog, monitors countries with strategic deficiencies in combating illicit financial flows. Membership includes 40 countries, backed by institutions such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF).

Nigeria’s exit from the grey list follows successful implementation of the FATF’s 40 recommendations, a move that signals improved compliance with global anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing standards.

Experts say the delisting is likely to attract new investment inflows, ease payment challenges for local businesses, and enhance the naira’s competitiveness in global markets.

Dr. Aminu Gwadabe, President of the Association of Bureaux De Change Operators of Nigeria (ABCON), noted that confidence surged immediately after the announcement, lifting the naira by about N10 per dollar in official trading.

Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Governor Olayemi Cardoso emphasized that the FATF’s decision reflects the success of coordinated reforms and demonstrates the growing integrity of Nigeria’s financial system.

“Our priority now is to consolidate these gains, ensuring that compliance, innovation, and trust continue to advance hand in hand to reinforce financial stability and strengthen Nigeria’s global credibility,” he said.

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The apex bank’s reform measures, including the introduction of an electronic Foreign Exchange Matching System (EFEMS), improved liquidity management, and stricter enforcement of the Foreign Exchange (FX) Code, have contributed to narrowing gaps between official and parallel market rates and curbing speculative practices.

These interventions, coupled with inflows from foreign portfolio investors and international oil companies, have fortified the naira and boosted external reserves.

Analysts from Commercio Partners attribute the naira’s rally to stronger demand, improved market confidence, and rising external reserves. Ifeanyi Ubah, Head of Research, remarked, “Nigeria’s current naira rally reflects a healthier external position and a stronger foundation compared to previous cycles of volatility.”

Other countries removed from the FATF grey list include South Africa, Mozambique, and Burkina Faso, marking a global trend of enhanced compliance and financial transparency.

For Nigeria, the milestone achievement opens the door to greater investment, reduced capital costs, and improved access to international financial markets.

Despite optimism, experts caution that maintaining momentum will require continued macroeconomic discipline, diversification of exports, and consistent crude oil production.

Nevertheless, Nigeria’s removal from the FATF grey list and the rising naira represent a significant turning point in the nation’s journey toward financial stability and global market credibility.

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Economy

FairMoney MD urges digital access to drive $1tn economy

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(DDM) – The Managing Director of FairMoney Microfinance Bank Nigeria, Henry Obiekea, has called for a nationwide push towards fair and inclusive digital finance.

Diaspora Digital Media (DDM) gathered that Obiekea made the statement during a recent financial sector forum attended by industry leaders, regulators, and government officials.

He emphasized that digital financial inclusion is a key driver for Nigeria to achieve the $1 trillion economic agenda outlined by the current administration.

Obiekea explained that the adoption of technology-driven banking services can accelerate economic growth by increasing access to credit, promoting entrepreneurship, and supporting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

He noted that despite Nigeria’s large population, a significant portion of citizens remain unbanked or underbanked, limiting their participation in the formal economy.

“Digital financial services must reach every Nigerian, regardless of location or income level,” Obiekea stated.

He highlighted that mobile banking, fintech platforms, and other innovative financial solutions can help bridge gaps in economic participation and drive productivity across sectors.

The FairMoney MD urged policymakers to implement supportive regulations that enable fintech growth while protecting consumers and ensuring system security.

According to him, collaboration between traditional banks, fintech companies, and government agencies is essential to create a resilient, inclusive digital economy.

Obiekea also stressed that financial literacy programs are crucial to empower Nigerians to take full advantage of digital financial tools.

He pointed out that digital access not only improves personal financial management but also boosts government revenue through broader tax compliance and formal sector engagement.

DDM reports that Obiekea’s call aligns with the administration’s economic diversification strategy, which prioritizes technology, innovation, and financial inclusion as pillars for sustainable growth.

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Industry observers note that expanding digital finance can help Nigeria unlock new markets, attract foreign investment, and enhance the efficiency of domestic trade and payments systems.

Obiekea concluded by urging stakeholders to act swiftly, warning that failure to embrace digital financial inclusion could slow the nation’s progress toward achieving the $1 trillion economy target.

He expressed optimism that with coordinated effort, Nigeria can harness technology to transform its financial landscape and create opportunities for millions of citizens.

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