Oropouche virus claims first fatalities in Brazil

Brazil has reported the world’s first deaths from the Oropouche virus on July 25, 2024, according to the country’s Ministry of Health.

Reports show that the fatalities involved two women who contracted the illness from infected flies and mosquitoes.

In a statement released by the ministry, the victims are from Bahia State in northwest Brazil.

They were “under 30 years old, with no comorbidities, but who had signs and symptoms similar to a severe case of dengue.”

The Brazilian health ministry reported that Oropouche was first isolated in Brazil in 1960.

Meanwhile, 7,236 cases of the infection have been reported in 2024. 

Most of these cases were recorded in the states of Amazonas and Rondonia. 

However, there have been reports of outbreaks and isolated cases in various regions of Latin America.

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported ongoing outbreaks in various regions on their website.

These regions include parts of Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, and Peru.

Understanding the Oropouche virus

This virus is a type of virus spread by certain small biting insects called midges, specifically from the Culicoides group.

It can also be carried by some mosquitoes, particularly those of the Culex genus.

The virus was first discovered in 1955 in Trinidad, near the Oropouche River, which is where it gets its name.

Characteristics of Oropouche virus

The Oropouche virus causes Oropouche fever, which features a sudden onset of high fever, headache, myalgia (muscle pain), arthralgia (joint pain), and a rash.

The disease is generally self-limiting, with symptoms lasting for about a week.

However, there are cases where individuals experience recurrent symptoms.

According to CDC, symptoms of Oropouche viral infection generally appear four to eight days after a mosquito bite.

However, these symptoms typically last for three to six days.

Severe cases may lead to life-threatening complications such as meningitis.

Virus Transmission

The primary vector for the Oropouche virus is the biting midge Culicoides paraensis, although other Culicoides species may also be involved.

Mosquitoes, particularly those of the Culex genus, can also transmit the virus.

Experts have not documented human-to-human transmission, but they have identified potential transmission through blood transfusions.

Virus Epidemiology

Oropouche virus is predominantly found in South America, especially in Brazil, Peru, Trinidad, and Panama.

Outbreaks often occur in densely populated urban areas, leading to significant public health concerns.

Researchers believe the virus has infected hundreds of thousands of people since its discovery.

Prevention and Control of Oropouche

Preventing Oropouche virus infection primarily involves controlling the vector populations and avoiding bites from these insects.

This includes using insect repellent, wearing long sleeves and pants, and using bed nets.

Public health efforts focus on reducing the breeding sites for midges and mosquitoes and implementing vector control measures during outbreaks.

Research and Public Health Impact

Experts consider Oropouche fever an emerging infectious disease due to its increasing incidence and potential for large outbreaks.

Research is ongoing to better understand the virus, its vectors, and the disease it causes, as well as to develop effective prevention and control strategies.

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