Hepatitis B is a serious and potentially life threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Despite being less discussed than HIV, medical experts warn that hepatitis B can be just as dangerous if not more harmful especially when it progresses unnoticed. Globally, millions of people live with chronic hepatitis B, many without knowing they are infected, placing them at high risk of severe liver complications.
The infection exists in two main forms: acute and chronic. Acute hepatitis B is a short-term illness that lasts less than six months. In many adults, the body is able to fight off the virus naturally, leading to full recovery even when symptoms are severe. However, when the virus remains in the body for more than six months, the condition becomes chronic a far more dangerous phase of the disease.
Chronic hepatitis B significantly increases the risk of long-term liver damage. Over time, it can lead to cirrhosis (serious scarring of the liver), liver failure, and liver cancer. Unlike some other viral infections, liver damage from hepatitis B can develop silently for years before symptoms appear, making early detection difficult and increasing the likelihood of fatal outcomes if untreated.
Infants and young children are particularly vulnerable. While most adults recover fully from hepatitis B, babies and children who become infected are far more likely to develop chronic infection that can last a lifetime. This makes hepatitis B a major public health concern, especially in regions with low vaccination coverage.
One of the most important facts about hepatitis B is that it is preventable. A safe and effective vaccine is available and provides long-term protection against the virus. Health authorities strongly recommend routine vaccination, particularly for newborns, healthcare workers, and individuals at higher risk of exposure.
For those who are infected, treatment depends on whether the disease is acute or chronic. Acute cases may only require monitoring and supportive care, while chronic hepatitis B often requires long-term antiviral medication to suppress the virus and reduce liver damage. In severe cases where the liver has been extensively damaged, a liver transplant may be the only life-saving option.
Hepatitis B symptoms can range from mild to severe and may include abdominal pain, dark-colored urine, fever, joint pain, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, persistent weakness, and extreme fatigue. One of the most recognizable signs is jaundice a yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes although this may be less noticeable depending on skin tone.
Medical experts emphasize that individuals living with hepatitis B can take practical steps to prevent spreading the virus to others, including practicing safe sex, avoiding sharing sharp objects such as needles or razors, and ensuring close contacts are vaccinated.
As awareness grows, health professionals continue to stress that hepatitis B deserves the same level of public attention as HIV. Without proper prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment, hepatitis B remains a silent but deadly disease capable of causing irreversible harm and premature death.
