Venezuela’s government on Friday, May 2, 2025, categorically rejected a ruling from the International Court of Justice (ICJ) ordering it to refrain from holding elections for officials in the disputed Essequibo region, which is claimed by both Venezuela and Guyana.
The ICJ ruling was issued at Guyana’s request. which accused Venezuela of violating an earlier order by planning to hold elections on May 25 for a governor and other officials to administer the region.
The Venezuelan government stated that it does not recognize the ICJ’s jurisdiction.
It also asserted that international law does not allow the court to interfere in domestic matters or prohibit a sovereign act.
Historical Claim:
Venezuela considers Essequibo an “inalienable part” of its territory, citing historical and constitutional grounds.
Guyana’s Concerns:
Guyana argued that the elections would cause “irreparable harm” to the Essequibo region, which makes up two-thirds of its territory and is home to 125,000 citizens.
Background and Tensions
The dispute over Essequibo, a resource-rich region with gold, diamonds, timber, and significant offshore oil deposits, has raised tensions between Venezuela and Guyana.
The region’s history dates back to the Spanish colonial period, and Venezuela has long disputed the 1899 border drawn by international arbitrators.
The case is still pending in court, with both countries engaging in diplomatic efforts and rhetoric.
Recent Developments
In December 2023, Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro threatened to annex the region by force after a referendum.
In the referendum, the country asked voters if the Essequibo region should become a state of Venezuela, with reported overwhelming support.
In March 2024, Venezuela passed a law designating Essequibo as a new state, governed from Tumeremo.
Guyana’s President, Irfaan Ali, denounced an incursion by a Venezuelan naval vessel in disputed waters in March.
Media reports say that Venezuela’s upcoming elections will include votes for governors and lawmakers, with the Essequibo region being a contentious issue.
The tensions between Venezuela and Guyana continue to escalate, with both countries maintaining their claims over the disputed region.
Current Status
The dispute remains unresolved, with tensions between Venezuela and Guyana escalating.
Venezuela continues to claim sovereignty over Essequibo, while Guyana asserts its rights based on the 1899 agreement.
The situation is being monitored by the international community, with the UN Secretary-General involved in good offices efforts to find a peaceful solution.
Implications of Venezuela’s rejection of UN court ruling
Venezuela’s rejection of the UN ruling on the Essequibo election has significant implications for the disputed region and the relationship between Venezuela and Guyana.
Here are some potential consequences:
Escalation of Tensions
Increased military presence:
Venezuela’s military buildup along the border and construction of a bridge connecting the Venezuelan mainland to Ankoko Island have raised concerns about potential aggression.
Threats of force:
Venezuela’s threats to annex the region by force have led to increased tensions, despite a joint declaration with Guyana to refrain from using force.
Diplomatic Fallout
International condemnation:
Venezuela’s actions have drawn criticism from the international community, including the Organization of American States (OAS), the Commonwealth, and the Caribbean Community (CARICOM).
Strained relations:
The dispute has strained relations between Venezuela and Guyana, with Guyana seeking support from the international community.
Economic Implications
Resource exploitation:
The Essequibo region is rich in natural resources, including gold, diamonds, and oil. Venezuela’s claims to the region could impact Guyana’s ability to exploit these resources.
Investment uncertainty:
The dispute creates uncertainty for investors, potentially affecting Guyana’s economy.
Potential Outcomes
ICJ Ruling:
The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is expected to issue a final judgment on the validity of the 1899 border agreement in 2026.
Venezuela’s rejection of the ICJ’s jurisdiction could impact the outcome.
Diplomatic Resolution:
A peaceful resolution to the dispute would require negotiations between Venezuela and Guyana, potentially facilitated by international mediators.
Escalation:
Failure to resolve the dispute could lead to further escalation, potentially resulting in conflict ¹.