Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that affects the airways, causing them to become inflamed, narrowed, and filled with excess mucus. This makes breathing difficult and often leads to recurring symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The condition affects people of all ages and, while commonly diagnosed in childhood, can also develop later in life.
Health experts note that asthma is not contagious, yet it remains one of the most widespread long-term illnesses globally. If not properly managed, asthma can interfere with daily activities and, in severe cases, become life-threatening.
Causes of Asthma
The exact cause of asthma is not fully known, but medical research shows that a combination of genetic and environmental factors plays a major role. Individuals with a family history of asthma, allergies, or other respiratory conditions are more likely to develop the disease.
Environmental exposure is another key factor. Air pollution, cigarette smoke, dust, pollen, pet dander, mold, and chemical fumes can irritate the airways and trigger asthma. Repeated respiratory infections during childhood may also increase the risk of developing the condition.
Common Symptoms
Asthma symptoms vary from person to person and can range from mild to severe. The most common signs include wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and frequent coughing, especially at night or in the early morning.
During an asthma attack, symptoms may worsen suddenly, making it difficult to breathe. Without prompt medical attention, severe attacks can lead to serious complications and require emergency care.
Prevention and Management
Although asthma has no permanent cure, it can be effectively prevented and controlled. Health professionals advise people living with asthma to identify and avoid known triggers such as smoke, dust, and strong odors. Keeping living spaces clean and well-ventilated also helps reduce exposure to allergens.
Regular use of prescribed inhalers and medications is essential in managing symptoms and preventing attacks. Early diagnosis, routine medical check-ups, and proper education on inhaler use play a critical role in long-term control of the condition.
With increased awareness, access to healthcare, and responsible management, people living with asthma can lead healthy, active, and productive lives. Health authorities continue to urge the public to take asthma seriously and seek medical care at the first sign of breathing difficulties.
