Milk like discharge from the breasts can be alarming, especially when it occurs outside pregnancy or breastfeeding. This condition is known as galactorrhea. While it is not a disease on its own, medical experts say it is often a sign of an underlying health issue that should not be ignored.
Galactorrhea happens when the hormone prolactin, which stimulates milk production, becomes overly active in the body. Several factors can trigger this imbalance.
One common cause is hormonal disruption, particularly elevated prolactin levels. When this hormone rises abnormally, it can activate milk production even when it is not needed.
In some cases, the cause may be a prolactinoma, a small, non-cancerous tumor of the pituitary gland in the brain. The pituitary gland plays a key role in regulating hormones, and even a minor abnormality can affect prolactin levels.
Thyroid disorders, especially an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism), are another known trigger. Low thyroid hormone levels can interfere with the body’s hormonal balance and stimulate abnormal breast discharge.
Long-term use of certain medications has also been linked to galactorrhea. These include antidepressants, antipsychotic drugs, some blood pressure medications, and even birth control pills.
Medical professionals also point to chronic stress as a significant factor. Persistent stress can disrupt hormonal regulation, leading to unexpected symptoms such as breast discharge.
Physical factors may play a role as well. Injury or repeated stimulation of the nipple can sometimes activate milk secretion.
Additionally, some herbal supplements, including fenugreek and fennel, are known to influence milk production and may contribute to the condition.
Severe or long-term illnesses, such as kidney or liver disease, can also affect hormone balance and lead to galactorrhea in certain individuals.
Diagnosis and Treatment Options
Doctors advise anyone experiencing unexplained breast discharge to consult a gynecologist or endocrinologist. Medical evaluation typically includes blood tests to check prolactin and thyroid hormone levels, as well as a pregnancy test. In some cases, a brain scan may be recommended to assess the pituitary gland.
Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Elevated prolactin levels are often managed with medication designed to lower the hormone. Thyroid-related cases are treated with appropriate thyroid medications. Prolactin-secreting tumors are rare, but when present, they may require surgical intervention.
When You Should Be Concerned
Experts warn that certain symptoms should prompt immediate medical attention. Discharge that is bloody, yellowish, or greenish may signal a more serious problem. Discharge occurring in only one breast, the presence of breast lumps, noticeable skin changes, or persistent breast pain are also red flags.
In such cases, seeking prompt medical care is essential. While galactorrhea is often manageable, early diagnosis remains key to ruling out serious conditions and ensuring proper treatment.
