Global rise in caesarean section rates: Understanding the causes

DDM News

Over the past few decades, the global rate of caesarean sections has seen a significant increase.

In 1990, approximately 7% of births worldwide were delivered via C-section as gathered by Diaspora Digital Media (DDM).

By 2021, this figure had risen to 21%, surpassing the World Health Organization’s recommended optimal rate of 10–15%.

Several medical and demographic factors have contributed to the rise in C-section rates.

The increasing prevalence of maternal obesity has been linked to higher rates of complications during childbirth.

This often necessitates surgical intervention.

Additionally, advanced maternal age has been associated with an increased likelihood of requiring a C-section.

This is due to factors like gestational diabetes and hypertensive disorders.

Elective caesarean sections, where the procedure is scheduled without medical necessity, have also contributed to the rising rates.

In some regions, cultural perceptions and personal preferences have led women to opt for C-sections.

They perceive them as a safer or more convenient option.

For instance, in the United Kingdom, some women choose C-sections to avoid perceived trauma associated with vaginal births.

Healthcare systems play a significant role in the increasing C-section rates.

In some countries, financial incentives for healthcare providers may encourage the preference for surgical deliveries over vaginal births.

For example, in certain lower-middle-income countries, the reimbursement rates for C-sections are higher than those for vaginal deliveries.

This can influence medical practice.

There are notable regional disparities in C-section rates.

In some Latin American countries, such as Brazil, the rate exceeds 40%.

Meanwhile, in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, the rate remains below 5%.

These differences highlight the complex interplay of healthcare access, cultural norms, and medical practices across different regions.

Experts emphasize the importance of balanced and individualized care.

The World Health Organization advocates for focusing on the needs of each woman during pregnancy and childbirth.

This approach is preferable to adhering to specific target rates for C-sections.

Efforts to reduce unnecessary C-sections include promoting vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC) where appropriate.

Enhancing patient education and addressing systemic factors within healthcare systems are also critical.

In conclusion, while caesarean sections are a vital component of modern obstetric care, their increasing rates globally warrant careful consideration of the underlying factors.

A multifaceted approach involving medical, cultural, and systemic changes is essential to ensure that C-sections are performed when medically necessary.

This way, women can have access to safe and informed choices during childbirth.

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