The 1999 constitution and Nigeria’s big government

DDM News

Nigeria’s governance structure has long been a subject of debate, with many analysts pointing to the 1999 constitution as a key factor in sustaining an oversized government.

Experts argue that certain provisions in the constitution encourage excessive bureaucracy, leading to inefficiencies in public administration and high governance costs.

According to Diaspora digital media (DDM) the heart of the issue is Section 14(3) of the 1999 constitution, which emphasizes the need for equitable representation in government.

The section states that “the composition of the Government of the Federation or any of its agencies, and the conduct of its affairs, shall be carried out in such a manner as to reflect the federal character of Nigeria.”

While this provision was intended to promote inclusivity and national unity, critics say it has instead resulted in a bloated civil service, with multiple agencies performing overlapping functions.

Nigeria currently has one of the largest government bureaucracies in the world, with over 600 ministries, departments, and agencies (MDAs).

The cost of maintaining this structure consumes a significant portion of the national budget, leaving little for capital projects and development.

According to reports, recurrent expenditure—comprising salaries, allowances, and other overhead costs—accounts for over 70% of the annual budget, a situation that many economists describe as unsustainable.

Former President Muhammadu Buhari, during his tenure, set up the Steve Oronsaye Committee to review the structure of Nigeria’s public service and recommend reforms.

The committee’s 2012 report advised the government to merge, scrap, or streamline over 100 agencies to reduce waste and improve efficiency.

However, successive administrations have failed to fully implement the recommendations, largely due to political resistance and vested interests.

Beyond the bloated bureaucracy, the constitution also encourages an expansive political system.

The legislature, for instance, consists of 109 senators and 360 members of the House of Representatives, making Nigeria’s National Assembly one of the most expensive in the world.

Lawmakers receive substantial allowances and benefits, further increasing governance costs.

Political analysts believe that constitutional reforms are necessary to address the issue of big government in Nigeria.

They argue that a constitutional review should prioritize the reduction of government agencies, streamlining of administrative structures, and adoption of cost-effective governance models.

Some have also called for a unicameral legislature as a way to cut costs and enhance legislative efficiency.

Despite ongoing discussions about the need for constitutional amendments, little progress has been made in achieving tangible reforms.

Many Nigerians remain hopeful that future administrations will have the political will to implement policies that will reduce the size of government, free up resources for development, and improve governance efficiency.

For now, the debate over the 1999 constitution and Nigeria’s big government continues, as stakeholders push for changes that will promote a leaner, more effective system of governance.

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