Knowing how your breasts normally look and feel can help you notice changes that may need medical attention. A breast self-examination (BSE) is a simple way for women to become familiar with their breasts, although it should not replace regular medical check-ups or recommended breast cancer screening.
Health experts encourage women to be breast aware and to report any unusual changes to a healthcare professional as soon as possible.
What Is a Breast Self-Examination?
A breast self-examination is a method of checking your breasts for changes such as lumps, swelling, skin changes, or nipple abnormalities.
It takes only a few minutes and can be done at home.
When Should You Perform It?
For women who menstruate, the best time is a few days after the menstrual period ends, when the breasts are less likely to be swollen or tender.
Women who no longer have periods can choose the same day each month to help make the examination a regular habit.
Step 1: Look in the Mirror
Stand in front of a mirror with your shoulders straight and your arms relaxed by your sides.
Look for:
- Changes in breast size or shape.
- Swelling.
- Skin dimpling or puckering.
- Redness or rash.
- Changes in the nipples, such as inversion or unusual positioning.
Next, raise both arms above your head and look again for the same changes.
Finally, place your hands firmly on your hips and tighten your chest muscles while observing your breasts.
Step 2: Check for Nipple Discharge
Gently examine each nipple for any discharge.
Discharge that occurs without squeezing—especially if it is bloody or comes from only one breast—should be assessed by a healthcare professional.
Step 3: Feel Your Breasts While Lying Down
Lie on your back with a pillow under one shoulder.
Use the pads of the three middle fingers of your opposite hand to examine the breast.
Move your fingers in small circular motions, covering the entire breast from:
- The collarbone.
- The armpit.
- The breastbone.
- The lower edge of the breast.
Apply light, medium, and firm pressure to feel different layers of breast tissue.
Repeat the process on the other breast.
Step 4: Repeat While Standing or in the Shower
Many women find it easier to feel breast tissue while standing in the shower because wet skin allows the fingers to move more smoothly.
Check both breasts using the same circular pattern.
What Changes Should You Look For?
Seek medical advice if you notice:
- A new lump or thickened area.
- Changes in breast size or shape.
- Persistent breast pain in one area.
- Skin dimpling or an orange-peel appearance.
- Redness or swelling that does not improve.
- A nipple that suddenly turns inward.
- Bloody or unusual nipple discharge.
Most breast changes are not caused by cancer, but they should still be evaluated.
Does Breast Self-Examination Detect All Breast Cancers?
No.
A breast self-examination helps women become familiar with their breasts, but it does not detect every breast cancer.
Health experts recommend combining breast awareness with routine clinical breast examinations and mammograms when appropriate for a woman’s age and risk factors.
When Should You See a Doctor?
Consult a healthcare professional promptly if you notice any unusual breast changes, even if they are painless.
Early evaluation can identify both non-cancerous conditions and breast cancer at a stage when treatment is often more successful.
The Bottom Line
A breast self-examination is a simple way to become familiar with your breasts and notice changes early. While it does not replace mammograms or professional medical examinations, regularly checking your breasts and seeking prompt medical advice for any unusual findings can play an important role in maintaining breast health.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Women should follow the breast cancer screening recommendations provided by their healthcare professional and seek medical evaluation for any concerning breast changes.
