Frozen shoulder, medically known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition that causes pain, stiffness, and limited movement in the shoulder. It develops gradually and can make everyday activities such as dressing, combing your hair, or reaching overhead difficult.
Although frozen shoulder can take months or even years to fully resolve, early treatment can help reduce pain and improve mobility.
What Is Frozen Shoulder?
Frozen shoulder occurs when the capsule of connective tissue surrounding the shoulder joint becomes thickened and tight. This restricts movement and causes pain.
The condition usually affects only one shoulder, although it can occasionally occur in both.
What Causes Frozen Shoulder?
The exact cause is not always known, but it often develops after the shoulder has been kept still for a long period.
Common causes and risk factors include:
- Shoulder injury or fracture.
- Recovery after shoulder surgery.
- Stroke.
- Diabetes.
- Thyroid disorders.
- Parkinson’s disease.
- Age between 40 and 60 years.
- Being female, as women are more commonly affected.
Stages of Frozen Shoulder
Frozen shoulder usually develops in three stages.
1. Freezing Stage
- Gradually increasing shoulder pain.
- Pain worsens with movement.
- Shoulder movement becomes more restricted.
This stage may last several weeks to months.
2. Frozen Stage
- Pain may begin to decrease.
- The shoulder becomes very stiff.
- Daily activities become difficult due to limited movement.
3. Thawing Stage
- Shoulder movement slowly improves.
- Flexibility gradually returns.
- Recovery may take several months.
Common Symptoms
People with frozen shoulder may experience:
- Persistent shoulder pain.
- Stiffness.
- Difficulty lifting the arm.
- Pain that worsens at night.
- Reduced range of motion.
- Difficulty performing routine tasks.
How Is Frozen Shoulder Diagnosed?
A healthcare provider may recommend:
- A physical examination.
- Assessment of shoulder movement.
- X-rays to rule out other conditions.
- MRI or ultrasound if another shoulder problem is suspected.
Diagnosis is usually based on symptoms and reduced movement.
Treatment Options
Treatment aims to relieve pain and restore shoulder movement.
It may include:
Pain Relief
- Anti-inflammatory medications.
- Pain relievers.
Physical Therapy
Stretching exercises and physiotherapy are among the most effective treatments for improving shoulder movement.
Corticosteroid Injections
In some cases, injections into the shoulder joint may reduce pain and inflammation.
Surgery
If symptoms remain severe despite other treatments, minimally invasive surgery or joint manipulation under anaesthesia may be considered.
Recovery Tips
Health experts recommend:
- Performing prescribed stretching exercises regularly.
- Avoiding complete inactivity.
- Applying heat before stretching to relax the muscles.
- Following your physiotherapist’s advice.
- Being patient, as recovery often takes time.
When Should You See a Doctor?
Seek medical advice if you:
- Have shoulder pain lasting several weeks.
- Notice increasing stiffness.
- Cannot lift or move your arm normally.
- Experience pain that interferes with sleep or daily activities.
Early treatment may improve recovery and reduce long-term stiffness.
The Bottom Line
Frozen shoulder is a condition that causes pain and significant stiffness in the shoulder joint. Although recovery can take months, most people regain much of their shoulder movement with appropriate treatment, physical therapy, and patience. Early diagnosis and regular exercises play an important role in improving outcomes.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Anyone experiencing persistent shoulder pain or stiffness should consult a qualified healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.
