Medical experts have warned that untreated haemorrhoids, commonly known as piles, can lead to serious health complications, including chronic blood loss, severe pain, and in extreme cases, life-threatening anaemia.
Despite being one of the most common anorectal conditions, haemorrhoids remain widely misunderstood, with many patients delaying medical treatment until symptoms become severe.
A general surgeon, Dr Shola Fasiku, explained that haemorrhoids occur when veins in the lower rectum or anus become swollen and enlarged. While the condition is often dismissed as a minor health issue, experts say prolonged neglect can result in significant complications.
“Many people live with symptoms for years without seeking medical attention because they assume piles are harmless or will resolve on their own,” he said.
Understanding Haemorrhoids
Haemorrhoids develop in the vascular cushions located within the anal canal and rectum. Medical professionals classify the condition into four stages depending on severity.
The mildest form remains inside the rectum and may cause little discomfort. More advanced stages involve protrusion during bowel movements, while severe cases may leave swollen tissue permanently outside the anus.
Experts note that advanced haemorrhoids are more likely to become thrombosed, a painful condition caused by blood clot formation within the swollen veins.
Not All Rectal Bleeding Is Piles
Health specialists caution against assuming that every episode of rectal bleeding is caused by haemorrhoids.
Although piles commonly produce bright red blood during or after bowel movements, similar symptoms may be associated with other gastrointestinal conditions, including colorectal tumours and inflammatory bowel diseases.
Medical experts advise individuals experiencing persistent rectal bleeding to undergo proper evaluation rather than relying on self-diagnosis.
“Any unexplained bleeding from the rectum should be investigated to determine its cause and rule out more serious conditions,” Dr Fasiku noted.
Risks of Delayed Treatment
According to healthcare professionals, one of the most common complications of untreated haemorrhoids is chronic blood loss.
Repeated bleeding over an extended period can gradually reduce the body’s blood supply, leading to anaemia. Symptoms may include fatigue, dizziness, weakness, shortness of breath, and fainting episodes.
In severe cases, prolonged anaemia may place additional strain on the heart and increase the risk of cardiovascular complications.
Untreated haemorrhoids can also progress to thrombosis, causing intense pain, swelling, and discomfort that may significantly affect daily activities.
Herbal Remedies Raise Concerns
Medical experts have expressed caution regarding the widespread use of herbal mixtures marketed as cures for piles.
While some patients turn to traditional remedies, specialists warn that many herbal preparations have not undergone adequate scientific evaluation for safety and effectiveness.
Doctors say self-medication may delay proper diagnosis and treatment, while some herbal products may have unintended effects on the liver, kidneys, or other organs.
Healthcare professionals recommend seeking medical advice before using alternative treatments for haemorrhoids.
Who Is Most at Risk?
Several factors can increase an individual’s likelihood of developing haemorrhoids.
Pregnancy is a major risk factor due to increased pressure within the abdomen and pelvic veins. Multiple pregnancies may further raise the risk.
Chronic constipation, frequent straining during bowel movements, prolonged sitting, persistent diarrhoea, chronic cough, and abdominal conditions that increase pressure inside the abdomen have also been linked to the development of haemorrhoids.
Medical experts additionally note that obesity and sedentary lifestyles may contribute to the condition.
Diet Plays a Key Role
Doctors emphasise that diet remains one of the most effective ways to prevent and manage haemorrhoids.
A high-fibre diet containing fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains can help soften stools and reduce the need for straining during bowel movements.
Adequate water intake is equally important in maintaining healthy digestion and preventing constipation.
Health professionals encourage individuals to adopt healthy eating habits and remain physically active to lower their risk.
Available Treatment Options
Treatment for haemorrhoids depends on the severity of the condition.
Mild to moderate cases are often managed with dietary modifications, medications, and minimally invasive procedures such as rubber band ligation or sclerotherapy.
However, advanced haemorrhoids may require surgical intervention to remove the affected tissue and prevent further complications.
Experts stress that early diagnosis and timely treatment offer the best chance of avoiding severe symptoms and improving quality of life.
They advise anyone experiencing persistent rectal bleeding, pain, swelling, or discomfort to seek medical evaluation promptly rather than delaying care.
